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DIRECT GAS-FIRED AHU

Direct gas-fired AHUs have a gas burner installed directly in the outside makeup air stream. The products of combustion (carbon dioxide [CO₂], carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO₂]) are discharged directly into the makeup air stream and supplied to the building ventilation area.

INDIRECT GAS-FIRED AIR HANDLING UNIT

An indirect gas-fired AHU has a sealed combustion air chamber where all products of combustion are discharged through a flue to the outside environment and no products of combustion are discharged within the make-up air supplied to the building. Such equipment also frequently is utilized for recirculating air applications.

DIRECT-GAS-FIRED AIRHANDLER COMPONENTS

Though simple in principle of operation, direct gas-fired AHUs have sophisticated burner-control blower systems. Unit sizes range from 1,000 cfm with a heating capacity of 80,000 Btuh to 100,000 cfm with a heating capacity of 15 million Btuh. Direct-gas-fired-AHU components usually include housings, supply fans, heating & cooling coils, outside air intake hoods, intake dampers, filters and burners.

AIR HANDLING UNIT HOUSINGS

AHU air-handler housings are made of galvanized or aluminized steel. Access panels are provided to access air dampers, filters, burners, and fans / motors. AHUs located outside are provided with a sloped roof and standing seam joints.

AHU SUPPLY FANS

Fans typically are double-width double-inlet (DWDI) with forward-curved or backward-inclined blower blades. Fans can come with open drip-proof (ODP) or totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC) motors. The most typical external static pressure in the 2- to 3-in.-wg range. Because most outside istalled air handling units can operate  below 0°F, fan motors and bearings are rated to handle lower temperatures. For applications that require supply-air temperatures higher than 110°F, the motors and fan bearings are rated for maximum design operating temperatures when placed in draw-through configurations.

AIR INTAKE DAMPERS AND HOODS

Outside air intake hoods or weather hoods are designed for an installation specific location and usually provided with bird screens. Outside-air intake isolation dampers are furnished to prevent cold air from dropping through a unit into a warm building and warm air from escaping through a unit during winter months, when it is not in operation. Low-leakage parallel blade isolation dampers are most standard. The fan discharge is located at the opposite to isolation-damper position.

AHU FILTERS

A filter cabinet normally has 30 / 30 filters in a V-bank configuration to increase filter area and reduce static-pressure drop across the fan filters. Higher-efficiency filters are used on application.

BURNERS

A burner consists of a cast-iron or aluminum pipe assembly with drilled gas orifices. The fuel-air mixing is controlled by perforated stainless-steel baffles attached to the pipe assembly. The burner can be placed in the outside airstream or in the outside / return mixed-air stream. But to prevent potentially hazardous combustion byproducts of indoor-air contaminants, the burner is placed in the outside airstream only. The required airflow across the burner must be within a specific velocity range (typically 2,500 to 3,500 fpm) for proper combustion. For variable airflow units, a modulating bypass damper or profile plate maintains the airflow velocity within the specified velocity range. Otherwise, the burner can experience inefficient operation, generate odors in the occupied spaces served, and create an un-safe increase in certain products of combustion.

                   

 








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Canada Blower Co. has introduced a new reliable and efficient air make-up unit designs for industrial building ventilation. In industrial plants where there is a high density of employees and many manual operations involved, an improvement in the environment can produce substantial benefits in terms of increased production, reduced errors, and a decline in complaints and absenteeism among employees.

Canada Blower Direct Gas-Fired Air Heating Systems are a class of equipment utilized primarily in industrial and commercial environments to provide for worker comfort. To a lesser extent, these systems are used to condition air for process and finishing applications such as material drying and paint curing.

Canada Blower Co. makes industrial Make-Up Air Unitss for efficient ventilation and heating of large industrial facilities.

Makeup air is vitally important to the health and welfare of a building and its occupants. If the proper amount of makeup air is not introduced into a space, consequences can range from exterior doors that are hard to open or close, to buildups of carbon monoxide in the space, to fume hoods that don't actually control the contaminants they were intended to control. In addition, the outside air that is brought into a building to "make up" the amount of air that has been exhausted has a very significant impact on cooling and heating capacities.

Insufficient make-up air can lead to increased building infiltration and higher energy costs, not to mention unhappy building owners and uncomfortable occupants.

While there are no facts and figures to show how many buildings provide the correct amount of makeup air, it can be stated that there are probably a great many that do not have sufficient makeup air. And there's no one solution that is available for every building. Each building must be analyzed with a careful air balance calculation and evaluated based on the diversity of sources of exhaust air and infiltration.

The type of make up air equipment used, as well as its size, is usually dependent on the climate. Humid areas of the country require considerably larger-capacity units to dehumidify outdoor air. The supply air requirements for occupant comfort are generally air temperatures of 70 degrees to 75 degrees F with an rh of 50%. A good design criteria for air-handlung units engineers is to specify the unit performance at two operating conditions - a design day and an off-peak period such as a 70 degrees rainy day. The off-peak times of the year are actually more critical to evaluate the unit performance because this is the lion's share of the unit operation. Engineers also need to specify the maximum allowable supply air dew points.

Direct gas-fired equipment is the most efficient choice for makeup air. While indirect gas-fired equipment might have a nominal energy efficiency of 75% to 80%, a direct-fired unit will operate at a nominal 93%. Thus, the further north or more extreme the climate, the more valuable a direct-fired piece of equipment becomes.

It is also possible to experience condensation within the heat exchanger sections of indirect- fired units in very cold climates. If the heat exchanger is not properly pitched and drained and not constructed of stainless steel through all sections, then corrosion and premature failure can occur.

That's not to say that indirect gas-fired makeup air equipment doesn't have its place, but again, it comes down to the climate. Climates with high concentrations of combustible or potentially toxic elements in the air might not be suitable for direct-fired equipment as the air is directly exposed to the flame. Many applications allow the recirculation of some of the air from the space and return air that is laden with paint, solvents, or very fine powders would be better handled with an indirect gas-fired piece of equipment.

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